Moles That Change in Size, Color, or Shape

The ABCDE rule is a helpful guide to recognize the signs of melanoma in moles:

• A for Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other.
• B for Border: The edges of the mole are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.
• C for Color: The color of the mole is not the same all over and may include shades of black, brown, or tan.
• D for Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 millimeters in diameter, although melanomas can be smaller.
• E for Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, or color.

A changing mole is diagnosed by a dermatologist using a dermoscope, a special magnifying device that allows the doctor to examine the mole closely. If the mole appears suspicious, the dermatologist may perform a biopsy, where a small piece of the mole is removed and sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope.

If a mole is found to be cancerous, it will be surgically removed. The procedure will depend on the size and location of the mole and the type of skin cancer. If the cancer has not spread, removing the mole may be the only treatment necessary. If the cancer has spread, additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy may be needed.

Risk factors for developing skin cancer include fair skin, history of sunburns, excessive sun exposure, having many moles, a family history of skin cancer, a personal history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and exposure to radiation or certain substances such as arsenic.

To prevent skin cancer, it's important to protect your skin from the sun by seeking shade, wearing protective clothing, and applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Regularly checking your skin for any changes and getting professional skin exams can also help detect skin cancer early when it's most treatable.

No, all changing moles are not cancerous. Moles can change for several reasons, such as hormonal changes during pregnancy or puberty, aging, or due to injury. However, it's important to have any changing mole evaluated by a doctor to rule out skin cancer.

Yes, changing moles can be a sign of conditions other than skin cancer, such as benign skin growths, hormonal changes, or skin conditions like seborrheic keratoses or lentigines. However, it's important to have any changing mole evaluated by a doctor to determine the cause.

You should see a doctor about a changing mole if you notice any changes in size, color, shape, or elevation, or new symptoms like bleeding, itching, or crusting. This is especially important if the mole does not look like your other moles or follows the ABCDE rule.

No, you should not attempt to remove a changing mole at home. This can lead to serious complications, including infection, scarring, and the potential spread of cancer if the mole is malignant. Always consult a doctor if you are concerned about a mole.