Myeloma Panel 4 is an integrated diagnostic approach that combines Flow Cytometry (FCM) Multiple Myeloma (MM) Panel, Karyotyping, and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for specific markers (17p, del13q, IgH, t(4;14), and t(14;16)). This comprehensive approach helps in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of multiple myeloma.
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells characterized by the production of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins. These malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, suppressing the formation of normal blood cells. Myeloma Panel 4 combines the FCM MM Panel, Karyotyping, and FISH for several chromosomal markers. This comprehensive approach not only helps in diagnosing multiple myeloma but also in understanding the genetic complexity of the disease, which is vital for risk stratification and management.
Profile NameMyeloma Panel 4
Sample TypeBone Marrow
Preparations RequiredNo special preparation is needed for this test.
Report Timerefer individual test
Flow cytometry is a technique used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through at least one laser. Cell components are fluorescently labeled and then excited by the laser to emit light at varying wavelengths.
In the context of multiple myeloma, flow cytometry helps to identify abnormal plasma cells by analyzing the expression of specific cell surface markers. This technique can be used to differentiate between normal and malignant plasma cells, estimate the tumor burden, and assess the response to therapy. Karyotyping is a laboratory procedure that allows the visualization of an individual's chromosomes. In multiple myeloma, karyotyping is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities that could not be identified using standard microscopy. While karyotyping provides an overview of chromosomal abnormalities, it is less sensitive compared to FISH for detecting specific genetic changes.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence complementarity. FISH is used for detecting and locating specific DNA sequences on chromosomes.
The FISH analysis in Myeloma Panel 4 is targeted at specific markers:
1. 17p Deletion: Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 is associated with a high-risk disease and poor prognosis.
2. del13q (Deletion 13q): Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13. This is common in multiple myeloma and is associated with disease progression.
3. IgH (Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain) Breakapart: Assesses rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, which is a common event in multiple myeloma.
4. t(4;14) (Translocation between chromosomes 4 and 14): This translocation is associated with poor prognosis.
5. t(14;16) (Translocation between chromosomes 14 and 16): This is less common but is associated with aggressive disease and a poor prognosis.
Home Sample Collection Process
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Book your convenient slot
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Sample Collection by Phlebotomist
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Reporting of the sample at lab
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Download Reports
Note: Home Sample Collection is only for Pathology lab tests.
Frequently Asked Questions
Myeloma Panel 4 is comprehensive because it combines multiple diagnostic modalities, including flow
cytometry, karyotyping, and FISH for specific genetic markers. This allows for a more detailed
assessment of the disease.
A bone marrow aspiration procedure is performed to collect the sample needed for Myeloma Panel 4.
Flow cytometry in this panel can be used as part of an assessment for minimal residual disease, helping
to determine how deep the response to therapy is.
The results from Myeloma Panel 4 can inform treatment decisions by identifying high-risk features that
might warrant more aggressive therapy.
Bone marrow is the preferred sample type because the malignant plasma cells primarily reside in the bone
marrow.
The turnaround time for Myeloma Panel 4 is usually 12-18 days.
Coverage for this test varies by insurance providers. It is recommended to consult your insurance company
to determine if this test is covered under your policy.
The interpretation of Myeloma Panel 4 should be carried out by a hematologist or oncologist who
specializes in multiple myeloma.
Multiple myeloma is a genetically complex disease, and
understanding its molecular and cytogenetic characteristics is crucial for effective management. Myeloma Panel
4, with its integrated approach, offers valuable insights into the genetic abnormalities associated with
multiple myeloma, helping clinicians in diagnosis, risk stratification, and devising personalized treatment
plans. Patients should work closely with their healthcare provider to understand the results of this panel and
the implications for their treatment and prognosis.
